The context of citizenship by investment (CBI) in Europe changed radically in 2025. In a landmark ruling, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) declared illegal Malta's citizenship by investment program, considered the last direct route to a European passport in exchange for financial contributions.
This change reflects a clear shift in EU policy: citizenship should not be commercialized, and member states should prioritize integration and merit-based mechanisms. Countries like Portugal, Spain, and Bulgaria have already ended or revamped their Golden Visa real estate programs, while Hungary, Greece, and Italy remain with residency-by-investment options, albeit with stricter requirements, such as a minimum of €500,000 in regulated funds or job creation.
For high-net-worth investors, entrepreneurs, and families with a global outlook, these changes require a review of international mobility strategies. Investments must be planned with a focus on compliance, institutional reputation, and resilience to new regulations.
How LTC Group can support:
- Personalized diagnosis of the paths still available for residence or citizenship in Europe.
- Structuring solid investments in regulated funds, research or philanthropy, according to the new parameters.
- Rigorous due diligence and adapted international tax planning.
- Combined strategy of residency by investment and alternatives outside Europe — Caribbean, Canada, New Zealand.
New European migration legislation demands strategic vision and precision. LTC Group operates with a multi-jurisdictional approach, ensuring safe, efficient solutions aligned with global political and regulatory changes.
Sources: https://www.barrons.com, https://www.outboundinvestiment.com, https://www.ft.com
